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• Powder (third-person singular simple present powders, present participle powdering, simple past and past participle powdered) To reduce to fine particles; to pound, grind, or rub into a powder25 October 2016, Bettina Elias Siegel writing in New York Times, Should the Food Industry Sneak Vegetables Into Food? In desperation, they dried fruits and vegetables in an old food dehydrator.
• Powder & Bulk Solids Show 2018 February 2, 2018 SPEC will be exhibiting at the Powder & Bulk Solids Show, taking place April 24-26, 2018 at the Donald E. Stephens Convention Center in Rosemont, Illinois.

Powder is a 1995 American fantasydrama film, written and directed by Victor Salva and starring Sean Patrick Flanery in the titular role, with Jeff Goldblum, Mary Steenburgen, Bradford Tatum and Lance Henriksen in supporting roles.

The film is about Jeremy 'Powder' Reed, who has an incredible intellect, as well as telepathy and paranormal powers. It questions the limits of the human mind and body while also displaying society's capacity for cruelty, and raises hope that humanity will advance to a state of better understanding. Its filming locations were around suburbs of Houston, San Antonio, and Austin, Texas.

The film was a financial success, but critical reviews were mixed and the film's release dogged with controversy due to Salva's prior conviction for child sex abuse.

Plot[edit]

Jeremy 'Powder' Reed (Sean Patrick Flanery) is a young albino man who has incredible intellect and is able to sense the thoughts of the people around him. Jeremy's brain possesses a powerful electromagnetic charge, which causes electrical objects to function abnormally when he is around them, particularly when he becomes emotional. The electromagnetic charge also prevents hair from growing on his body.

Jeremy's mother was struck by lightning while pregnant with him; she died shortly after the strike, but Jeremy survived. His father disowned him shortly after his premature birth, and he was raised by his grandparents. Jeremy lived in the basement and worked on their farm, never leaving their property and learning everything he knew from books. He is taken from his home when his grandfather is found dead of natural causes. Jessie Caldwell (Mary Steenburgen), a child services psychologist, takes him to a boys' home because he is now effectively a ward of the state.

Jessie enrolls him in high school, where Jeremy meets physics teacher Donald Ripley (Jeff Goldblum). Donald finds out that Jeremy has supernatural powers as well as the highest IQ in history. While his abilities mark him as special, they also make him an outcast.

On a hunting trip with his schoolmates, Jeremy is threatened with a gun by John Box (Bradford Tatum), an aggressive student who views him as a freak. Before John can fire, a gun goes off in the distance, and everyone rushes to see that Harley Duncan (Brandon Smith), a Sheriff's deputy, has shot a doe. Anguished by the animal's death, Jeremy touches the deer and Harley, inducing in Harley what the students assume is a seizure. Harley admits that Jeremy had actually caused him to feel the pain and fear of the dying deer. Because of the experience, Harley removes all of his guns from his house, although Sheriff Doug Barnum (Lance Henriksen) allows him to remain as a sheriff's deputy without a sidearm.

Doug enlists Jeremy to help speak to his dying wife through telepathy. Through Jeremy, the sheriff learns that his wife clings onto life because she didn't want to leave without her wedding ring on her finger and without him reconciling with his estranged son, Steven. She tells him that Steven found the ring and that it has been sitting in a silver box on her nightstand the entire time. Doug then places the ring on his wife's finger and reconciles with Steven, letting his wife die peacefully.

Jeremy meets Lindsey Kelloway (Missy Crider), a romantic interest, but their relationship is broken by Lindsey's father. Before the interruption, he tells Lindsey that he can see the truth about people: that they are scared and feel disconnected from the rest of the world but in truth are all connected to everything that exists.

Jeremy goes back to the juvenile facility and packs away his belongings, planning to run away to his farm. He pauses in the gym to stare at a male student washing, noticing the latter's luxurious head of hair as well as body hair which he himself lacks, and is caught at it by John Box, who accuses him of homosexuality. John steals Jeremy's hat and taunts him, but Jeremy reveals that John's words mimic what his stepfather said before beating him when he was 12, infuriating him. John and the other boys humiliate Jeremy, stripping him naked and taunting him. His powers begin to manifest by pulling at their metal buttons and any piercings. Eventually, a large spherical electromagnetic pulse erupts throwing Jeremy into a mud puddle and everyone else to the ground. John is found still, with his heart stopped. Jeremy uses an electric shock to revive him.

Jeremy returns to the farm where he grew up, now in probate with the bank, and finds that all of his possessions have been removed. He is joined by Jessie, Donald, and Doug, who persuade Jeremy to come with them to find a place where he will not be feared and misunderstood. Instead, he runs into a field where a lightning bolt strikes him, and he disappears in a blinding flash of light. The electrical jolt hits Jessie, Donald, Doug, and Harley.

Cast[edit]

• Sean Patrick Flanery as Jeremy 'Powder' Reed
• Mary Steenburgen as Jessie Caldwell
• Lance Henriksen as Sheriff Doug Barnum
• Jeff Goldblum as Donald Ripley
• Brandon Smith as Deputy Harley Duncan
• Bradford Tatum as John Box
• Susan Tyrrell as Maxine
• Melissa Lahlitah Crider as Lindsey Kelloway (as Missy Crider)
• Ray Wise as Dr. Aaron Stripler
• Esteban Powell as Mitch
• Reed Frerichs as Skye
• Chad Cox as Zane
• Joe Marchman as Brennan
• Phil Hayes as Greg Reed (as Phillip Maurice Hayes)
• Danette McMahon as Emma Barnum
• Barry Berfield as Paramedic #1

Music[edit]

The film's score was written by Jerry Goldsmith. Salva personally wanted Goldsmith to score the music of the film because he had been 'an enormous fan' of the composer's work.^[1]

Reception[edit]

Powder received generally mixed reviews from critics. On Rotten Tomatoes it has a rating of 50% based on 20 reviews, with an average rating of 5.2/10^[2]

Caryn James of The New York Times described the film as 'lethally dull' with Goldblum's dry humor offering the only tolerable moments in the film. 'This intensely self-important film has no idea how absurd and unconvincing it is.'^[3]

Leonard Maltin wrote in his Leonard Maltin's Movie Guide: 'Earnest, but doesn't add up to much.'^{[citation needed]}

Roger Ebert gave the film 2 stars out of a possible 4. He criticized numerous plot holes as well as Flanery's makeup, which resembled a mime more than an albino. He wrote: 'Powder' has all of the elements of a successful fantasy, and none of the insights. It's a movie where intriguing ideas lie there on the screen, jumbled and unrealized. It leads up to bathos, not pathos, because not enough attention was paid to the underlying truth of the characters. They're all just pawns for the plot gimmicks.'^[4]

Controversy[edit]

The film's production by Disney resulted in a controversy over the choice of writer-director Victor Salva, who had been convicted of molesting a 12-year-old child actor during the production of his previous film, Clownhouse (1988). He was sentenced to three years imprisonment and released after 15 months. Disney officials reported that they learned of Salva's crime only after production of Powder had begun, and stressed that there were no minors on the set for the film.^[5] When Powder was released, the victim, Nathan Forrest Winters, came forward again in an attempt to get others to boycott the film in protest at Disney's hiring Salva.^[5] Since then, Disney has not picked up any more pictures by Salva.

In a 2015 appearance on The Joe Rogan Experience, comedian Barry Crimmins criticized the plot of Powder for implying that a child has power over an adult as representing a veiled or allegorical defense of Salva's history as a sex offender.^[6][7][8]Totally free classic rock downloads.

References[edit]

1. ^'Powder'. Filmtracks.com. 3 June 1998. Retrieved 20 July 2015.
2. ^https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/powder/
3. ^James, Caryn (October 27, 1995). 'Powder (1995)'. The New York Times. Retrieved May 15, 2011.
4. ^Ebert, Roger. 'Powder Movie Review & Film Summary (1995) - Roger Ebert'. www.rogerebert.com.
5. ^ ^abWelkos, Robert (25 October 1995). 'Disney Movie's Director a Convicted Child Molester: Hollywood: He says, 'I paid for my mistakes dearly', but victim of incident several years ago urges boycott of 'Powder''. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 6 March 2015.
6. ^Infamy that has no end, Chicago Tribune, October 29, 1995
7. ^Victim speaks out against molester, TimesDaily, October 25, 1995
8. ^Joe Rogan interviews Barry Crimmins & Bobcat Goldthwait, Joe Rogan, August 6, 2015

External links[edit]

• Powder on IMDb
• Powder at AllMovie
• Powder at Rotten Tomatoes
• Powder at Box Office Mojo
• Powder at the TCM Movie Database

A powder is a dry, bulk solid composed of a large number of very fine particles that may flow freely when shaken or tilted. Powders are a special sub-class of granular materials, although the terms powder and granular are sometimes used to distinguish separate classes of material. In particular, powders refer to those granular materials that have the finer grain sizes, and that therefore have a greater tendency to form clumps when flowing. Granulars refers to the coarser granular materials that do not tend to form clumps except when wet.

Types[edit]

Many manufactured goods come in powder form, such as flour, sugar, ground coffee, powdered milk, copy machine toner, gunpowder, cosmetic powders, and some pharmaceuticals. In nature, dust, fine sand and snow, volcanic ash, and the top layer of the lunar regolith are also examples.

Because of their importance to industry, medicine and earth science, powders have been studied in great detail by chemical engineers, mechanical engineers, chemists, physicists, geologists, and researchers in other disciplines.

Powder And Bulk Solids Show

Mechanical properties[edit]

Typically, a powder can be compacted or loosened into a vastly larger range of bulk densities than can a coarser granular material. When deposited by sprinkling, a powder may be very light and fluffy. When vibrated or compressed it may become very dense and even lose its ability to flow. The bulk density of coarse sand, on the other hand, does not vary over an appreciable range.

The clumping behavior of a powder arises because of the molecular Van der Waals force that causes individual grains to cling to one another. This force is present not just in powders, but in sand and gravel, too. However, in such coarse granular materials the weight and the inertia of the individual grains are much larger than the very weak Van der Waals forces, and therefore the tiny clinging between grains does not have a dominant effect on the bulk behavior of the material. Only when the grains are very small and lightweight does the Van der Waals force become predominant, causing the material to clump like a powder. The cross-over size between flow conditions and stick conditions can be determined by simple experimentation^[1].

Many other powder behaviors are common to all granular materials. These include segregation, stratification, jamming and unjamming, fragility, loss of kinetic energy, frictional shearing, compaction and Reynolds' dilatancy.

Powder transport[edit]

Powders are transported in the atmosphere differently from a coarse granular material. For one thing, tiny particles have little inertia compared to the drag force of the gas that surrounds them, and so they tend to go with the flow instead of traveling in straight lines. For this reason, powders may be an inhalation hazard. Larger particles cannot weave through the body's defenses in the nose and sinus, but will strike and stick to the mucous membranes. The body then moves the mucous out of the body to expel the particles. The smaller particles on the other hand can travel all the way to the lungs from which they cannot be expelled. Serious and sometimes fatal diseases such as silicosis are a result from working with certain powders without adequate respiratory protection.

Also, if powder particles are sufficiently small, they may become suspended in the atmosphere for a very long time. Random motion of the air molecules and turbulence provide upward forces that may counteract the downward force of gravity. Coarse granulars, on the other hand, are so heavy that they fall immediately back to the ground. Once disturbed, dust may form huge dust storms that cross continents and oceans before settling back to the surface. This explains why there is relatively little hazardous dust in the natural environment. Once aloft, the dust is very likely to stay aloft until it meets water in the form of rain or a body of water. Then it sticks and is washed downstream to settle as mud deposits in a quiet lake or sea. When geological changes later re-expose these deposits to the atmosphere, they may have already cemented together to become mudstone, a type of rock. For comparison, the Moon has neither wind nor water, and so its regolith contains dust but no mudstone.

The cohesive forces between the particles tend to resist their becoming airborne, and the motion of wind across the surface is less likely to disturb a low-lying dust particle than a larger sand grain that protrudes higher into the wind. Mechanical agitation such as vehicle traffic, digging or passing herds of animals is more effective than a steady wind at stirring up a powder.

The aerodynamic properties of powders are often used to transport them in industrial applications. Pneumatic conveying is the transport of powders or grains through a pipe by blowing gas. Super nintendo mini release date. A gas fluidized bed is a container filled with a powder or granular substance that is fluffed up by blowing gas upwardly through it. This is used for fluidized bed combustion, chemically reacting the gas with the powder.'

Some powders may be dustier than others. The tendency of a powder to generate particles in the air under a given energy input is called 'dustiness'. It is an important powder property which is relevant to powder aerosolization process. It also has indications for human exposure to aerosolized particles and associated health risks (via skin contacts or inhalation) at workplaces. Various dustiness testing methods have been established in research laboratories, in order to predict powder behaviors during aerosolization.^[2][3][4][5] These methods (laboratory setups) allow application of a wide range of energy inputs to powdered materials, which simulates different real-life scenarios.

Fire dangers of powders[edit]

Many common powders made in industry are combustible; particularly metals or organic materials such as flour. Since powders have a very high surface area, they can combust with explosive force once ignited. Facilities such as flour mills can be vulnerable to such explosions without proper dust mitigation efforts.

Some metals become especially dangerous in powdered form, notably titanium.

Comparison with other substances[edit]

A paste or gel might become a powder after it has been thoroughly dried, but is not considered a powder when it is wet because it does not flow freely. Substances like dried clay, although dry bulk solids composed of very fine particles, are not powders unless they are crushed because they have too much cohesion between the grains, and therefore they do not flow freely like a powder. A liquid flows differently than a powder, because a liquid cannot resist any shear stress and therefore it cannot reside at a tilted angle without flowing (that is, it has zero angle of repose.) A powder on the other hand is a solid, not a liquid, because it may support shear stresses and therefore may display an angle of repose.

See also[edit]

References[edit]

1. ^ Smalley, I.J. 1964. Flow-stick transition on powders. Nature 201, 173-174. doi:10.1038/201173a0
2. ^Yaobo Ding, Burkhard Stahlmecke, Araceli Sánchez Jiménez, Ilse L. Tuinman, Heinz Kaminski, Thomas A. J. Kuhlbusch, Martie van Tongeren & Michael Riediker (2015) Dustiness and Deagglomeration Testing: Interlaboratory Comparison of Systems for Nanoparticle Powders, Aerosol Science and Technology, 49:12, 1222-1231, doi:10.1080/02786826.2015.1114999
3. ^Schneider T., Jensen KA. Combined single-drop and rotating drum dustiness test of fine to nanosize powders using a small drumArchived 2015-12-15 at the Wayback Machine. Ann Occup Hyg. 2008 Jan;52(1):23-34. Epub 2007 Dec 1. doi:10.1093/annhyg/mem059
4. ^Yaobo Ding, Michael Riediker. A system to assess the stability of airborne nanoparticle agglomerates under aerodynamic shear. Journal of Aerosol Science, Volume 88, October 2015, Pages 98–108. doi:10.1016/j.jaerosci.2015.06.001
5. ^Martin Morgeneyer, Olivier Le Bihan, Aurélien Ustache, Olivier Aguerre-Chariol. Experimental study of the aerosolization of fine alumina particles from bulk by a vortex shaker. Powder Technology. Volume 246, September 2013, Pages 583–589. DOI:10.1016/j.powtec.2013.05.040.

• Duran, J., Reisinger A., Sands, Powders, and Grains: An Introduction to the Physics of Granular Materials. November 1999, Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., New York, ISBN0-387-98656-1.
• Rodhes, M (editor),Principles of powder technology, John Wiley & Sons, 1997 ISBN0-471-92422-9
• Fayed, M.E., Otten L. (editor), Handbook of powder science & technology, second edition, Chapman & Hall, ISBN0-412-99621-9
• Bagnold, R.A., Physics of Blown Sand and Desert Dunes, First Springer edition, 1971, ISBN0-412-10270-6.

External links[edit]

• powder filling machine^{[permanent dead link]}