• Hakikat Bangsa Dan Negara Indonesia
• Hakikat Bangsa Dan Negara Lengkap

Hakikat Bangsa dan Negara A. Manusia sebagai Makhluk Sosial dan Makhluk Individu Manusia berasal dari “manu” (dari bahasa Sansekerta), “sens” (dari bahasa latin). Manusia dikodratkan sebagai makhluk yang monodualis, yang artinya disamping sebagai makhluk individu (pribadi) sekaligus sebagai makhluk social. Memahami hakikat bangsa dan Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia. Menguraikan pentingnya pengakuan oleh negara lain bagi suatu negara.

Kebebasan beragama adalah prinsip yang mendukung kebebasan individu atau masyarakat, untuk menerapkan agama atau kepercayaan dalam ruang pribadi atau umum. Kebebasan beragama termasuk kebebasan untuk mengubah agama dan tidak menurut setiap agama. Dalam negara yang mengamalkan kebebasan beragama, agama-agama lain bebas dilakukan dan ia tidak menghukum atau menindas pengikut kepercayaan lain yang lain dari agama resmi. Pasal 18 dalam Kovenan Internasional PBB tentang Hak-Hak Sipil dan Politik menyatakan kebijakan yang menafikan kebebasan seseorang untuk mengamalkan agamanya adalah satu kezaliman spiritual. Kebebasan beragama merupakan satu konsep hukum yang terkait, tetapi tidak serupa dengan, toleransi agama, pemisahan antara agama dan negara, atau negara sekuler (laïcité).

Bacaan lebih lanjut[suntingsunting sumber]

Hakikat Bangsa Dan Negara Indonesia

• Daniel L. Dreisbach and Mark David Hall. The Sacred Rights of Conscience: Selected Readings on Religious Liberty and Church-State Relations in the American Founding (Indianapolis: Liberty Fund Press, 2009).
• Barzilai, Gad (2007). Law and Religion. Ashgate. ISBN978-0-7546-2494-3.
• Beneke, Chris (20 September 2006). Beyond Toleration: The Religious Origins of American Pluralism. Oxford University Press, USA. ISBN0-19-530555-8.
• Curry, Thomas J. (19 December 1989). Church and State in America to the Passage of the First Amendment. Oxford University Press; Reprint edition (19 December 1989). ISBN0-19-505181-5.
• Frost, J. William (1990) A Perfect Freedom: Religious Liberty in Pennsylvania (Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press).
• Gaustad, Edwin S. (2004, 2nd ed.) Faith of the Founders: Religion and the New Nation, 1776–1826 (Waco: Baylor University Press).
• Hamilton, Marci A. (17 June 2005). God vs. the Gavel: Religion and the Rule of Law. Edward R. Becker (Foreword). Cambridge University Press. ISBN0-521-85304-4.
• Hanson, Charles P. (1998). Necessary Virtue: The Pragmatic Origins of Religious Liberty in New England. University Press of Virginia. ISBN0-8139-1794-8.
• Hasson, Kevin 'Seamus', The Right to be Wrong: Ending the Culture War Over Religion in America, Encounter Books, 2005, ISBN 1-59403-083-9
• McLoughlin, William G. (1971). New England Dissent: The Baptists and the Separation of Church and State(2 vols.). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
• Murphy, Andrew R. (2001). Conscience and Community: Revisiting Toleration and Religious Dissent in Early Modern England and America. Pennsylvania State University Press. ISBN0-271-02105-5.
• Mutua, Makau (2004). Facilitating Freedom of Religion or Belief, A Deskbook. Oslo Coalition on Freedom of Religion or Belief.
• Stokes, Anson Phelps (1950) Church and State in the United States, Historic Development and Contemporary Problems of Religious Freedom under the Constitution, 3 Volumes (New York: Harper & Brothers Publishers).
• Stokes, DaShanne (In Press). Legalized Segregation and the Denial of Religious Freedom
• Stüssi Marcel, MODELS OF RELIGIOUS FREEDOM: Switzerland, the United States, and Syria by Analytical, Methodological, and Eclectic Representation, 375 ff. (Lit 2012)., by Marcel Stüssi, research fellow at the University of Lucerne.
• Associated Press (2002). Appeals court upholds man's use of eagle feathers for religious practices
• American Indian Religious Freedom Act (1978)
• Ban on Minarets: On the Validity of a Controversial Swiss Popular Initiative (2008), , by Marcel Stuessi, research fellow at the University of Lucerne.
• 'Religious Liberty: The legal framework in selected OSCE countries'(PDF). Law Library, U.S. Library of Congress. 2000. Diarsipkan dari versi asli(PDF) tanggal 25 June 2008. Diakses tanggal 6 April 2007.
• Utt, Walter C. (1964). 'Brickbats and Dead Cats'(PDF). Liberty. Washington, D.C.: Review and Herald Publishing Association. 59 (4, July–August): 18–21. Diakses tanggal 23 June 2011.
• Utt, Walter C. (1960). 'A Plea for the Somewhat Disorganized Man'(PDF). Liberty. Washington, D.C.: Review and Herald Publishing Association. 55 (4, July–August): 15, 16, 29. Diakses tanggal 24 June 2011.
• Utt, Walter C. (1974). 'Toleration is a Nasty Word'(PDF). Liberty. Washington, D.C.: Review and Herald Publishing Association. 69 (2, March–April): 10–13. Diakses tanggal 24 June 2011.
• Zippelius, Reinhold (2009). Staat und Kirche, ch.13. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck. ISBN978-3-16-150016-9.

Pranala luar[suntingsunting sumber]

• Religion and Foreign Policy Initiative, Council on Foreign Relations.
• The Complexity of Religion and the Definition of 'Religion' in International Law Harvard Human Rights Journal article from the President and Fellows of Harvard College (2003)
• Human Rights Brief No. 3, Freedom Of Religion and Belief Australian Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission (HREOC)

• Ahlul Amalsyah

Hakikat Bangsa Dan Negara Lengkap